Glory Days, When Horsepower and Passion Ruled Detroit :: essays research papers

Glory Days, When Horsepower and Passion Ruled Detroit   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book Glory Days, When Horsepower and Passion Ruled Detroit by Jim Wangers is a comprehensive look at Pontiac Motor Division in its heyday through the eyes of its chief advertiser. The rise and fall of the pop culture fad of muscle cars at Pontiac and its fall during the early 1970’s is explained in this book from a man who played a large part in Pontiac’s success. There are many candid stories and little known facts presented by the author to precisely let the reader understand the thoughts of Pontiac and how it accomplished its goal of selling overly fast cars to our nations youth. Glory Days, When Horsepower and Passion ruled Detroit is an interesting and enjoyable guide to Pontiac’s heyday through the author’s personal experiences and explanations about Pontiac muscle cars.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of Jim Wangers personal experiences were very fascinating and made the book very tough to put down. One of his most appealing experiences was when he personally became a Pontiac sponsored race driver. Wangers told the story of how he won the 1960 NHRA Championship and how he narrowly lost by only tenths of a second in the final race. He explained through vivid details on how he raced to sell the cars he was promoting through his advertising. He coined the phrase, â€Å"Win on Sunday, Sell on Monday†. Jim explains another tantalizing story about how he and John Delorean created the first muscle car.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Delorean and Jim Wangers would frequently test Pontiac’s new cars out at Pontiac’s test track in upper Michigan. They both figured out the idea of putting this larger engine in this small Lemans. When this happened the muscle car era was born. This was the first account of a factory putting a large engine in a small car. Wangers then explained that he and Delorean had changed American pop culture forever with their muscle car. His account on how this was done and how America was changed with this simple idea was simply amazing. Wangers also pulls in readers with his history of the cars that Pontiac made.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most influential car Pontiac made was the GTO. He told the tale of how this mid-size car changed the auto industry and shaped a whole generation of children in the 1960’s. The tale on how this was accomplished by Wangers was told with clever side stories about promotional contests and cunning advertising the enraged the U.

Molecular Archaeology

Different methods have been used and are being used in the analysis of archaeological data. Among others, different archaeometric fields such as paleoecology (paleozoology, paleobotany and pllenanalysis), dating methods (radiocarbon-dating and dendrochronology) and analytical chemistry had been used for the evaluation of the quantity and quality of different archaeological substances (Kiesslich, n.d.). Given the nature of archaeology, evaluated data are analyzed on the point of view of history. The recent discoveries in science particularly in genetics and molecular biology have given rise to another method of scientific analysis of archaeological data. The new developments allow easier investigation of ancient remains not only through paleoecology, dating and chemical methods but on a molecular level. This new branch of archaeological analysis is what is now known as Molecular Archaeology. Christianson (2007) of the Minnesota State University gives a more perspicuous description of the field. According to him, Molecular Archaeology is an â€Å"†¦emergent field in archaeology that has been brought about by the advancements of the recognition and understanding of DNA, focusing on the acquisition of either DNA or mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) and being able to determine species of natural archaeological finds as well as determine blood lines and/or sex of animal or human remains.† It is this use of the DNA in the analysis of archaeological data that differentiates Molecular Archaeology from the other methods of archaeological analysis. It is the biological function of this DNA that makes molecular archaeology an irreplaceable field in analytical archaeology. This DNA contains genetic information which, once known, could provide special information about the individual properties of the probe (Christianson, 2007). These individual properties include one's species, population, and gender. Also, Through the use of DNA residues, accuracy in reconstructing subsistence and related cultural activities is more probably. As a result, we gain more knowledge and understanding of the lives of our ancestors and the environment they lived in as well as of the other creatures that coexisted with them (Christianson, 2007). There was a time when molecular archaeology seemed to be inconceivable. This was when scientists believed that DNA-preservation was impossible in biological remains. Previous studies have shown that it only took days or even hours for degradation to occur after the death of an individual. With degradation, of course, is the loss of significant genetic information (Keisslich, n.d.). It is one study in the early eighties defied this scientists' limiting belief on the relationship between degradation and DNA-preservation and paved the way for molecular archaeology and the use of DNA in the analysis of archaeological data. â€Å"This is the successful detection of intact genetic information in a 4000-year-old Egyptian mummy† (Kiesslich, n.d.) Furthermore, the invention of analytical methods in molecular biology boosted the field of molecular archaeology. â€Å"In 1988, Mullis and Saiki published a study on Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase†. Practically, they invented the PCR or the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique which made possible the detection and characterization of even minimal traces of DNA. In theory, the presence of even a single intact molecule of DNA can give a positive result (Kiesslich, n.d.) †The impact of molecular archaeology particularly its use of DNA in evaluating data has been proven to be a great leap in archaeological research†. Because DNA is a huge aspect of molecular archaeology, it is necessary even for the general studies of this subject to include information on the nature of the DNA. DNA is a helically-twisted macromolecule consisting of a sugar-phosphate backbone. â€Å"Each sugar in the DNA's sugar-phosphate backbone is bound to one side-chain which may be different for each unit†. It is this side-chain that represents a single basic unit of DNA or DNA-base. It is the connection between a few to several billions of base-pairs connected by one polymer unit that produces a double helix, particular to the DNA. (Kiesslich, n.d.) The function of the DNA is mainly the maintenance and passing of genetic information from parent to progeny. This genetic information is encoded in 4 different letters (A, C, G, T) which represent the bases or the basic units. Three of the letters together correspond to the next superior information unit (Kiesslich, n.d.) The DNA not only functions for the maintenance and passing of genetic information but also for the control of the biological functions of each cell. For living organisms, it is located in the nucleus of the cells and in small cellular compartments called mitochondria. This mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell because it provide for the energy needed for cellular processes. Like nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has their own chromosomes. â€Å"In general, a cell contains only two copies of nuclear DNA and as much as a thousand copies of mitochondrial DNA â€Å"(Kiesslich, n.d.). What is crucial to the nature of the DNA is the sequence of its 4 discriminable bases or the base-sequence. It is this base-sequence that represents the genetic information passed on from parent to progeny and controls the cellular chemical reactions. It is this sequence that is the targeted information in the analysis of archaeological facts and this sequence can only be determined through the application of methods in molecular biology (Kiesslich, n.d.). Information given by an individual's DNA is not limited to the individual but also to pathogens which include microorganisms and bacteria, as well as biological materials and the diet of a settlement (Kiesslich, n.d.). DNA of microorganisms and bacteria can be determined through paleopathology and paleoepidemiology. DNA of biological material can be determined through paleoecology, paleobotany and paleozoology. An extracted intact DNA would give the whole genetic information of an individual. This genetic information can be accessed using different sequence-specific DNA probes which also provide information required for archaeological analysis (Kiesslich, n.d.) There is a difference between the extraction of DNA from the nucleus and DNA from the mitochondria. Note that DNA from the nucleus persists only as two copies for every cell while mitochondrial DNA persists at an average of a few thousand copies per cell. â€Å"Nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA require a minimum state of preservation to obtain the specific sequence information†. The greater quantity of mitochondrial DNA allows it to be more readily accessible compared to nuclear DNA. It is also more resistant to degradation processes after death as well as diaganetic influences compared to nuclear DNA (Kiesslich, n.d.). The two types of DNA are different in the types of information that can be obtained. In nuclear DNA, information about an individual's genetic constitution can be obtained. This includes the individual's species, gender, fingerprint and kinship with other individuals. Meanwhile, the mitochondrial DNA provides information that allows the assessment of maternal lineage within a community. This is because mitochondrial DNA is exclusively maternally hereditary. The mitorchondrial DNA's comparatively slow mutational rate also allows greater evaluation of genetic context for individuals. In effect, individuals can be classified through middle and long-range temporal classification (Kiesslich, n.d.). Using information on the X and Y chromosomes, gender can be determined easily using molecular biological methods (Faerman and Filon, 2005). As it is known, gender is one of the most significant features of an individual and is likewise significant in archaeological analysis. Among other parts, gender can be and is usually determined using the teeth and the bones (Kiesslich, n.d.). Sex-specific genes are located in the X and Y chromosomes. Still, the determination of gender is not limited to molecular biological means. The determination of the gender of an individual remains can be done through conventional methods including morphometry. This happens when convenience is not the issue but the quality of the sample itself when it is too damaged or when the remains that are analyzed belonged to an infant. As a rule, a few grams of bone or tooth is enough for DNA-analysis (Kiesslich, n.d.). †Gender determination through DNA-analysis can be exemplified by the study done in South Israel, at a bath house at a burial site of Roman Askalon†. It must be noted that in Ancient Askalon infanticide was a widespread phenomenon (The Advent of Molecular Archaeology, 2005). †Behind the bath house, archaeologists found more than 100 skeletal remains of infants which at first were thought as the remains of unwanted girls†. The epigraph stating â€Å"Enter, Enjoy and†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and the several lamps with erotic motifs gave rise to a theory which was confirmed using DNA-analysis. Through gender determination by DNA-analysis, it was found out that the skeletal remains that were found did not only belong to unwanted girls but also to unwanted boys. The bath house was confirmed to be a brothel and the skeletal remains were the infants of the women who used to work at the place (Kiesslich, n.d.). Meanwhile, the issue on whether or not tuberculosis was brought to Peru by Columbus and his successors was clarified using DNA analysis. â€Å"One study reported that the DNA of tuberculosis pathogens already existed even among 600-900-year-old Peruvian mummies† (Kiesslich, n.d.). Nuclear DNA-analysis is also used in the identification of remains. In history, the remains of Josef Mengele in Brazil as well as the identification of the remains of the Romanov family in Jekatrinenburg after the Bolshevik Revolution were identified using DNA-fingerprinting (Kiesslich, n.d.). The analysis of organic residues in some jars found in Egyptian Amphorae allowed the discovery of what commodities were transported to Egypt during the Late Bronze Age and the links between the sources of the jars, the commodities and the way of transport of substances in the Mediterranean world (Stern, 2001). Mitochondrial DNA analysis was used in the investigation of the Tyrolean Ice-man (The Advent of Molecular Archaeology, 2005). The findings of the investigation revealed a high DNA-sequence homology to today's population in the Northern alps (Kiesslich, n.d.) and showed a great fit to the Northern European context. In this case, clothes and tools associated with the findings were also investigated aside from the individual body, giving an idea on vegetation during the era (Kiesslich, n.d.). DNA-analysis also covers topics historical and anthropological topics particularly population-genetics. Population-genetics include the tracing of migrations and distributions of populations. For example, kinship analysis was done with some individuals in Forida (Kiesslich, n.d.). DNA-analysis can also be used to trace genealogical origins and also in the determination of possible threats of diseases from ancestors. Source materials for DNA-analysis are not limited to bones and teeth. As a matter of fact, anything that could possibly contain DNA, even if not part of the individual's body can be a source material. â€Å"Source materials can range from biological remains such as skeletons, bodies, bones, hair, teeth, forensic and medical preparations, museum specimens, fossils and objects that an individual has come in contact with† (Kiesslich, n.d.). It must be remembered that DNA-analysis is a procedure which involves the destruction of the specimen. This implies that once a specimen has been used for analysis, it cannot be reused. On the other hand, even small amounts of materials, say, a piece of hair or a gram of bone is enough for any DNA-analysis as long as the specimen is of quality, depending on the source's chemical, physical, geological, ecological and biological history (Kiesslich, n.d.). †A DNA can be expected to be intact and well-preserved if it has been maintained at low-temperatures such as the case of the Tyrolean Ice-man, or if it has been maintained in arid places†. As a rule, DNA-degradation happens under humid conditions so specimens coming from deserts, and in polar regions or any other setting with similar conditions would produce more intact DNA specimens and more successful DNA analysis. Other conserving factors include anaerobic conditions such as that in Florida during the kinship analysis and the quantity of possible DNA specimens such in mummies (Kiesslich, n.d.). The less a specimen is affected by diagenetic processes, the more intact and well-preserved it will be when used for DNA-analysis. This is the reason why teeth and bones are commonly used for DNA-analysis. Their structure, and rigidity as well as the little hollow spaces with single cells, which undergo individual post-mortem mummification (Kiesslich, n.d.). In addition, these specimens are less affected by natural contamination during the life of the individual as well as post-mortem contaminations. Contemporary contaminations in the specimens can also be easily removed before extracting the DNA. As noted earlier, teeth and bones are suitable material sources for the determination of gender and for any other DNA-analysis (Kiesslich, n.d.). In molecular archaeology as well as in any other field that require genetic analysis, collection of samples and pre-treatment require maximum precautions. This is to prevent contemporary errors which are possible sources of errors. Errors are especially crucial in DNA-analysis since specimens are not infinite (Kiesslich, n.d.). One simple precaution is to wear gloves and safety-masks. Also, tools and containers that will be used in the analysis should be sterile and free from other DNA contaminants. It must also be remembered that probing of specimens should be done directly at the excavation site, sealed and only opened until it get to the laboratory. All these should be obligatory to prevent contamination and thus, errors (Kiesslich, n.d.) There are many procedures for the extraction of DNA from material sources. Naturally, speciments are cleaned first to remove physical contaminants such as soil and dirt. Specimens are then homogenized and placed in an extraction buffer. This extraction buffer contains compounds that are necessary for the breaking of the source-matrix. The breaking of the source matrix is done by decalcification or and proteinase-digestion. The end product is the extracted solubilized DNA (Kiesslich, n.d.). Similar to extraction, isolation and purification are also done through different procedures. Before doing the process, the chemical and physical conditions of the source material must first be evaluated. This is another preventive procedure to minimize errors from contaminants. Once the DNA in the source material has been purified and contained in an aqueous solution, substances that are co-extracted with the DNA including humic acids and other chemicals which have similar properties with the DNA must be removed to avoid false negatives in PCR reactions. These co-extrants could also inhibit enzymatic reactions (Kiesslich, n.d.). The most powerful tool for the investigation of DNA is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) because of its sensitivity which allows even a single intact DNA enough for detection. The PCR is an amplification procedure that is sequence specific. â€Å"Here, sequence specific DNA probes are added to reactions considering reaction parameters necessary for the process†. Through this, the target sequence is amplified until detectable amounts are obtained. However, further care must be done in order to avoid contamination, particularly contemporary ones. Contemporary contaminants are better preserved in the PCR. To manage this, blank extracts and zero-controls must be done for every extraction. In sum, controls are necessary to for the verification of the authenticity of the results and in order to trace possible contaminations that are present (Kiesslich, n.d.). Zero-controls are PCR-reactions which do not contain the DNA being analyzed (Kiesslich, n.d.). They are blank extracts which contain everything that is required for the reaction used in the DNA-analysis such as solutions and buffers. In the same way as the source material, these controls undergo the same extraction steps. Much has been transformed by the discovery of DNA. In the past, archaeological investigations may be limited to the physical level. Today, it has reached the era when Archaeology intersects with Molecular Biology. There are still lots of evidences to discover. history is still filled with gaps. With the advent of Molecular Archaeology, strands may just be made and gaps may just be filled. References Christianson, B. (2007). Molecular Archaeology. Minnesota State University. Retrieved 23 October 2007 from http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/archaeology/moleculararchaeology.html. Faerman, M., D. Filon, et al. (1995). Sex identification of archaeological human remains based on amplification of the X and Y amelogenin alleles. Gene, 167, (1-2): 327-32. Kiesslich, J. (n.d.). The Emerging Field of Molecular Archaeology. Retrieved 23 October Saiki, R. K., D. H. Gelfand, et al. (1988). Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science,   239, (4839): 487-91. Stern, B. (2001). Organic Residues in Egyptian Amphorae. University of Bradford. Retrieved 23 October 2007 from http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/archsci/depart/resgrp/molarch/egypt.html. The Advent of Molecular Archaeology. (2005). Retrieved 23 October 2007 from http://humanitieslab.stanford.edu/2/184.   

Female Crimes Are Not Biologically Capable Of Committing...

For several years, males were viewed as the violent perpetrators and females as non-threatening victims, however things have changed and female violence has become a great issue in the country. Some believe that females are not biologically capable of committing crimes, and that belief alone has brought on a lack of attention to female involvement in crimes. According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, between 1985 and 2008, the number of delinquency cases involving females increased 102%, while for males, the increase was only 29%. Female crimes are emotionally driven, irrational, and unpredictable and usual over petty stuff such as gossip, he-say/she-say, jealousy, or boys. We often wonder why crime is†¦show more content†¦In addition, I believe females are competing for a chance in the spotlight. They crave the attention and power male gang members receive. Child maltreatment and neglect increases the likelihood of criminal behavior and arrest as a juvenile. Studies have found that abused and neglected children are found to be at least 25% more likely to experience problems such as delinquency, teen pregnancy, and low academic achievement. Female victims of abuse are more likely to be involved in criminal behavior than male victims. Girls in the juvenile system have reported having a history of abuse prior to their incarceration. About 80% of girls admitted to being sexually assaulted or physically assaulted, some may have experienced substance abuse as well. â€Å"75 to 95 percent of girls in the justice system are former victims of abuse.† ( Lawyer Shop, 2015) This abuse often leads to a low sense of self-worth for young women. The number one cause of female delinquency is victimization. Many are forced into prostitution or sex trafficking, exploitation, tort, and crimes. The most common ages were 13 and 14 year olds who reported having been beaten, raped, stabbed or shot. Youths run away from homes attempting to escape the abuse and unfair treatment, they end up on the street forced to commit crimes in order to survive. They are seeking love, patience, and empathy. Females are

Polyatomic Ion Definition and Examples

Polyatomic ion definition: A polyatomic ion is an ion composed of two or more atoms. Examples: The hydroxide cation (OH-) and the phosphate cation (PO43-) are both polyatomic ions.

Le Management Interculturel de Sylvie Chevrier - 1999 Words

Le management interculturel Sylvie Chevrier The book structure This book has been released for the first time in 2003. Le management interculturel features 127 pages containing an introduction (from page 3 to 7), four main chapters (from page 9 to 120), a conclusion (pages 121 and 122), a bibliography (from page 123 to 126) and finally a table of contents at the end of the book (page 127). The book is written in French and can be found in the collection  «Que sais-je? » at the Presses Universitaires de France editions (known also as Puf). Thesis The goal of the author is to delineate the field of intercultural management and to clarify its content for the reader. Strategies 1. Construction * Introduction The†¦show more content†¦The reader will also find thoughts, which tell that this kind of management is not an accurate science and researches are still in progress to improve the intercultural managerial strategies ( «However, knowledge gathered together so far are often rough and the experiences achieved still too rare to see the practices reach maturity. » p. 121). This could either disappoint the reader who expected a straight answer at the end of the book or invite the reader to follow this topic closely in case of any progress in the existing theories or the creation of a brand new one. * Bibliography The reader throughout the book, as we will see later in the page layout chapter, has referred to numerous footnotes essentially sending the reader to the pages containing the bibliography. This bibliography shows how well did Sylvie Chevrier document her thesis, as the number of books read or used for her researches is important. This allows also the reader to walk in the author’s footsteps if only he or she wants to dig this topic. Nearly seventy books are listed with all the information needed to find and buy the book, which offers a large range of choice to the most interested and curious readers about the intercultural management. In order to sum up this first chapter, we have seen that Sylvie Chevrier has smartly structured her book from the start to the end to let

Empathy in Nursing Free Essays

Good communication between the client and the health care worker is a vital theory within a health care setting. To have an effective communication with a patient, a nurse needs to be empathetic and a good listener. Empathy is the ability to understand and share patient’s emotion or state of mind. We will write a custom essay sample on Empathy in Nursing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Showing interest, attention and devotion towards patient will enhance a strong, healthy and supportive bond with the patient. According to the Webster’s dictionary, empathy is defined as â€Å"the projection of one’s own personality into the personality of another in order to understand the person better; ability to share in another’s emotions, thoughts, feelings† (Moore 2006, p 16). Empathy is usually considered as the capability to put oneself in a situation to understand the emotions, feelings of other people. Nowadays, empathy is considered as an effective skill for communication that is useful for both the health care worker and the client (Ioannidou Konstantikaki 2008, p 118). The health care worker can collect related information and data from a client without any difficulty by using empathy as a communication tool. A no of patients visit hospitals or health care settings with different needs and expectations having different problems. Some clients are extremely hard to control. You can read also Coronary Artery Disease Nursing Care Plan An empathetic understanding is necessary while dealing with such patients. Therefore, approaching empathetically can maintain the interpersonal relationship between the health care worker and client as well as improve the effectiveness of treatment (Davis 2009, p 76). It is important that the health care workers should feel what the patients or clients are going through providing comfort and reassuring of their lives. Empathy is a way of telling them they are not alone. It reduces their fear thus bringing hope and confidence. Keen (2006, p †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ) states that memory, knowledge, knowledge and being able to feel other’s perception plays important part in empathy. The initial step in developing clinical empathy is to actively listen to the patient ( Davis 2009, p 77). In a therapeutic relationship, a health care worker can understand problems of a patient by listening carefully to their verbal and emotional behaviours (Kliszcz et al. 2006). The responsibility of health care provider is to avoid any physical and mental factors that istracts the interaction between the patient and them. They should pay attention while the client is giving his or her information. The following step for empathy is to understand, recognize and sensitive obligation of feelings of another person. The health care worker should show the patient what they understand and make realize the support is provided to them. Demonstrating empathy helps to decrease the feeling of insulated for their disease to the client which is intensely therapeutic. How to cite Empathy in Nursing, Papers

Compare the ways in which the poets have written about love and loss bringing different aspects of the theme Essay Example For Students

Compare the ways in which the poets have written about love and loss bringing different aspects of the theme Essay The poems I have chosen to analyse are written from a male and a female perspectives in the 18th and 19th centuries. All the poems describe the aspects of love and loss. Each poet is influenced by sad or happy events in their lives. Some poets share their joy and happiness, while others experience separation. The poems I have chosen are: A Birthday by Christina Rossetti. The poet celebrates love as a joyful event in her life. How Do I Love Thee by Elizabeth Barret Browning. The poem is devoted to her partner with whom she shares her love. Remember by Christina Rossetti. The poet disscuses the aspect of loss and separation by death. When We Two Parted by Lord Byron. The poet conveys his negative feelings about separating. A Woman To Her Lover by Christina Walsh. The poet requires co-equal relationship in the family and quality of marriage. The first poem I am going to analyse is entitled A Birthday by Christina Rossetti. The poet refers to celebration of love and raises the issue of marriage. The poets thoughts are consistent. In Victorian era people did not speak openly about the physical side of life thats why Christina Rossetti expresses her feelings and emotions through similies and metaphors. The title of the poem A Birthday is a metaphor for celebration of love and happiness. The singing bird is a simile which produces deep satisfaction. It also portrays Christina Rossetti as happy and joyful. The poem consists of two halves. There are four beats in one line and every second line rhymes. This type of structure helps to add rhythm to a poem. In the first verse the poet compares her heart to a number of bright and colorful things that are full of life. Whose nest is in watered shoot. As a woman Christina Rossetti extendes the meaning of fertility and family nest. This might also have the meaning of youth. My heart is like an apple tree, is a simile that produces strong visual imagery of children and spring time.In Victorian times it was important for a woman to have children in the family. Christina Rossetti uses literature symbols for fertility: peacocks for male fertility and pomegranates for female. Her reference to children is well expressed in metaphors grapes and thickest fruit. These visual images depict children as the fruits of her pure relationships. The poet likes to live in peaceful and comfortable atmosphere. That paddles in halcyon sea is onomatopoeia that creates aurul imagery where the poet expresses her feelings of a marriage life. The doves is also a symbol of a peace and love. In the second verse Christina Rossetti uses imparative verbs to ask for a special occasion: raise me, hang it and carve it. The words purple dyes is a metaphor for marriage. It tells a reader idea about the poets phase of life. Even the diction changes as the mood in the poem changes. An exaple of these are epithets:gold and silver that add to the richness of the describtion. The poet shares her joy and happiness. She wants to decorate opulent surroundings with sensual materials and fleur-de-lys to make the day even more brighter. Assonance is used in the words dyes-eyes, tree-sea to add to the rhythm of the poem. Because the Birthday of my life Is come, my love is come to me. In the end of the poem, enjambment helps reader to understand the meaning of the poem- the omnipresence of love. Christina Rossetti wantes the reader to feel the importance of love in the life, that is why she created the happy atmosphere of being in love. Love is celebrated like A Birthday that emphasizes its meaning twice. The second poem I have choosen to write about is a poem How do I love thee written by Elizabeth Barret Browning in Victorian era. Her work was appreciated in the past as now in present. As a poetess of Victorianism, Elizabeth Browning expresses sentiments of love in a sonnet, since at that time it showed woman in her best role: loving and expressing emotions in a poem. The poem How do I love thee is devoted to her husband, with whom she lived in and ideal grace and dignity. Elizabeth Barret Browning expresses her love towards her partner and her language is restrained. It gives positive images of her love. The poet uses abstract nouns: depth, breadth and height to expand the largeness of her feelings. Her attitude towards her lover can also be seen from the describtion of her soul its limitless. The poets tone is religious in the first half: ends of Being, ideal grace, souls and saints. For the ends of Being. And ideal grace. Browning uses metaphor the end of being for a bodily death and grace for heaven. The poet conveys that her love has no boundaries-its eternal. I shall but love thee after death. This implies that death will not put restraints to their love instead it will be better after death. The second part of the poem is more down-to-earth. Hamlet's Love for Ophelia EssayThe poem has regular rhyme scheme abab and each stanza rhymes. In the poem Lord Byron describes how bitter the saparation was-In silence and tears. Half broken hearted. This suggest that only Lord Byron suffered. In their relationships, he was the half broken-hearted. The poets perception to Lady Frances Webster changed as her attitude to him. Pale grew thy chick and cold. She fell out of love with the poet leaving after the cold and empty environment. The dew of the morning Sunk chill on my brow The poet describes how his bleak and cold environment affected him and foretold the coldness of his heart. The poet expresses his anger towards the woman who deceived him. Thy vows are all broken, And light is thy fame. He also feels ashamed and betrayed. The poet is also aware that she had a bad reputation. Thy name thee before me, A knell to mine ear: The poet tells how her name is the ring of a bell. It destructs him and is like a knell to him. Throughout the poem Lord Byron expresses feelings of shame and regret. A shudder come oer me. Lord Byron regrets the fragile relationships he was involved in. In the last stanza the poet describes how poignant he feels. He became affected by the situation and feels depressed: In silence I grieve . His ex-lover betrayal is unforgivable and if the poet will ever meet her again, he would greet her with silence and tears. The poem When we two parted portrays the poet as an anguished person. At the time it was written men were expected to be emotionally strong. However Lord Byron subverts the situation and uses direct language as an approval of his griefe and sorrow. The poems When we two parted and Remember evoke the feelings of sadness and restrainment. Separation is the main theme for both poems. In Chrsitina Rossettis poem lovers are compelled to part due to death Remember me when I am gona away. Whereas in Lord Byrons poem the love is half broken-hearted that make them to part. The fifth poem I have choosen to analyse is A woman to her lover was written by Christina Walsh in the late 18th century. At that time new ideas regarding women rights were spreading across Europe. The poets tone is confidient and self-assured. The poem is written in the form of stanzas in the free verse. In the first stanza the poet rejects to be a servant in the family. She produces negative visual imagery bondslave of marriage that isnt based on equal rights. Walsh expresses her strong voice and rejection in exclamatory sentences: O, lover I refuse you! This portays the poet as self-assured woman. Christina Walsh also declines to be a wingless angel who can do no wrong. Wingless angel imitates a strong visual image of woman in the 18th century. Womens power wasnt dominant in the family and they had no freedom or choice. Christina Walsh dissaproves this kind of marriage, which is more like worship. The poet also deprecats against being a delight of her partners clamorous desires. She stresses that she is a woman, who requires co-equal and respecful relationships in the family/marriage.In the last part Christina Walshs tone becomes more softer and caring. The poetess offers marriage based on respect and love to know the purity and height of passion, and of joy and sorrow. She also discribes the ideal marriage that will last until we reach the very heart of god. Christina Walshs poem can be seen as a modern type of poem. It is written as some kind of marriage contract and has modern approach to love.Christina Walsh declares what she wants and expects from her husband in co-equal marriage. The poem was written two hundred years later, when women had any sort of power over who they could marry. The poem A woman to her lover is different fro the rest of the poems. It can be linked to Christina Rossetis Remember. Both poets declare what they want.Christina Rossetti gives instructions to her partner. Christina Walsh declares her rights. The themes of love and loss are explored in these collection of poems. These poems made me concern about the way different poets express their opinions about love and loss. Every poet expresses their sentiments in very immpresive way. Some of them show real examples from life. Some enjoy the smooth course of love while others griefe from declined relaionships. The emotional language used by poets enabled me to experience the emotions and feelings expressed in them.